Current Issues

Bahir Abdul Razzaq Mshimesh¹, Basma Talib Al-Sudani², Suzan Yousif Jasim²

¹Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad-Iraq

²Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad-Iraq

Abstract

Alzheimer`s disease (AD) is the most widely recognized reason for dementia in more advanced age subjects and it`s a vital general medical issue. Since Alzheimer portrayed the primary instance of the AD over a century back, much advancement has been made in reading the pathogenic and clinical findings of this disorder. Generous progression was made in describing pre-dementia phases of the AD, for example, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and enhancing the diagnostic and treatment choices accessible for overseeing AD. Our capacity to discover the `fix` for AD eventually depends not just on possessing an exact view of the cellular procedures, but additionally on having ideal biomarkers and valuable neuroimaging tests to empower early analysis and convenient helpful mediation in suspected people. The object for this article is to give a short review to the AD and the related researches in this field. The article accentuates clinical and neurobiological parts of the AD. Furthermore, this survey portrays progress in the utilization of biomarkers for analysis of AD and features continuous endeavors to create novel treatments.

Shyam Sunder Shah, Ashish Manigauha*, Balkrishna Dubey

Department of Pharmacology, Technocrats Institute of Technology-Pharmacy, Anand Nagar, Bhopal – 462021 (MP), India

Abstract

Gymnema sylvestre, Trigonella foenum andPhyllanthus emblica are used for the management of diabetes. The mixing of these plant parts in different ratio may produce synergistic antidiabetic action. Hence the aim of the present study was to formulate polyherbal formulations containing various proportions of Gymnema sylvestre (Leaves), Trigonella foenum (Seeds) andPhyllanthus emblica(Fruits) to investigate their antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activity in Streptozotocin induced diabetic rat. The physicochemical estimations namely total ash value, acid insoluble ash value, water soluble ash value, loss on drying, alcohol soluble extractive values and water soluble extractive value for plants parts were performed. The decoction of four different polyherbal formulations (HF1 to HF4) were prepared and antidiabetic activity was investigated in Streptozotocin induced diabetic rat. The physicochemical value of plant materials were under limits and acceptable. The administration of polyherbal formulation (HF1 to HF4) significantly decreased the blood glucose levels compared to control diabetic rats. The polyherbal formulation significantly lowered the elevated total cholesterol, triglycerides (TGL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) level while increased the high density lipoprotein (HDL) indicates the antihyperlipidemic activity. The findings demonstrated the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activity of polyherbal formulations, and HF2 produce higher protective effect from diabetes.  

Sunali Lalotra*, J S Vaghela

Bhupal Nobles‘ College of Pharmacy, Udaipur-313001, Rajasthan, India

Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases are incurable and debilitating conditions that result in progressive degeneration / death of nerve cells or neurons in the human brain. Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease are the major Neurodegenerative diseases, which are characterized by progressive loss (and even death) of structure and function of neurons, and have created great burden to the individual and the society. Treatment of these diseases with prolonged administration of synthetic drugs will lead to severe side effects. Therefore herbal treatment is being preferred over conventional treatments. Much attention and so scope is drawn towards herbal remedy of many Neurodegenerative diseases. The present review puts together research on various medicinal plants that have shown promise in reversing the Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s pathology and highlights importance of phytochemicals of medicinal herbs on neuroprotective function and their mechanism of action.

Alaa Balla Suliman Abuelrakha*, Elnazeer I. Hamedelniel

¹ Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Omdurman Islamic (OIU), P.O. Box 382 Omdurman, Sudan

Abstract

Great interest been have develop to discover new excipients to solve problem that faced us during formulation like incompatibility and compressibility that lead to slow down manufacturing processes. Linseed mucilage has properties that suggested it as useful additives and binding agent like inertness, nontoxic and viscosity. The purpose of the present study was to extract and evaluate linseed mucilage as binding agent in prednisolone tablets. The Linseed mucilage was extracted and evaluated for physicochemical properties using official procedures. Tablet was prepared by wet granulation. Granules evaluation revealed satisfactory results. Three formula were prepared that contain three different percent from linseed mucilage 3%, 5% and 7%.The hardness test result show great increase in tablet hardness 4.23, 5.59 and 7.76, respectively. The dissolution test was carried in Ph 1.2 for 2 hours and cumulative drug release 20.33%, 17.88% and 14.49% respectively .And at Ph 6.8 for 4 hours cumulative drug release 78.18%, 75.43% and 69.19%. The tablets formulated showed acceptable general appearance. Formula mucilage 7% showed the best flowbility of granules, hardness and friability when compared with formulas 3% and 5%.In weight variation test indicated that the type and concentration of mucilage used were not significant. When increase the percent of mucilage in formula combined with increase in tablet hardness. Invitro dissolution study indicated that the main factors which influence the amount of drug released were the pH of the medium used and concentration of the mucilage.